JAVA基础:Hibernate外键关联与HQL语法

例如对于TUser类
  1.实体查询
  String hql = “ from TUser”;
  执行这条语句会返回TUser以及TUser子类的纪录。
  注: 如果 TUser 类具有外键, 查询会报错!
  解决方法: select 别名.属性 from 类 as 别名. 没有别名.属性仍然报错!  
  hql = “from java.lang.Object”
  会返回数据库中所有库表的纪录。
  where 语句
  hql = “from TUser as user where user.name=’yyy’”;
  其中,as可以省略也一样
  hql = “from TUser user where user.name=’yyy’”;
  where子句中,我们可以通过比较运算符设定条件,如:
  =, <>, >, <, >=, <=, between, not between, in, not in, is, like等。
  2.属性查询
  List list = session.createQuery(“select user.name, user.age from TUser as user”).list();
  还可以在HQL中动态构造对象实例的方法,将数据封装。
  List list = session.createQuery(“select new TUser(user.name, user.age) from TUser as user”).list();
  Iterator it = list.iterator();
  while(it.hasNext() ) {
  TUser user = (TUser)it.next();
  System.out.println(user.getName());
  }
  但是要注意这里的TUser对象只是对name和age属性的封装,其他状态均未赋值,所以不能用它来进行更新操作。
  也可以在HQL的Select子句中使用统计函数
  “select count(*) ,min(user.age) from TUser as user”
  也可以使用distinct关键字来删除重复纪录。
  select distinct user.name from TUser as user;
  3.实体的更新与删除
  hibernate 2中需要先查询出实体,设置属性后再保存。
  hibernate 3中,提供了更灵活的方式(bulk delete/update)
  更新:
  Query query = session.createQuery(“update TUser set age=18 where id=1”);
  query.executeUpdate();
  删除:
  session.createQuery(“delete from TUser where age>=18”);
  query.executeUpdate();
  4.分组与排序
  Order by子句:
  from TUser user order by user.name, user.age desc
  Group by子句和Having子句
  “select count(user), user.age from TUser user group by user.age having count(user)>10”
  5.参数邦定
  通过顺序占位符?来填充参数:
  1)hibernate 2 中通过session.find方法来填充
  session.find(“from TUser user where user.name=?”, “Erica”, Hibernate.STRING);
  多个参数的情况:
  Object[] args = new Object[] {“Erica”, new Integer(20)};
  Type[] types = new Type{Hibernate.STRING, Hibernate.INTEGER};
  session.find(“from TUser user where user.name=? and user.age=?”, args, types);
  2)通过Query接口进
进行参数填充:
  Query query = session.createQuery(“from TUser user where user.name=? and user.age>?”);
  query.setString(0,”Erica”);
  query.setInteger(1, 20);
  通过引用占位符来填充参数:
  String hql = “from TUser where name=:name”;
  Query query = session.createQuery(hql);
  query.setParameter(“name”,”Erica”);
  甚至可以将查询条件封装为一个JavaBean
  class UserQuery {
  private String name;
  private Integer age;
  //getter and setter
  }
  String hql = “from TUser where name=:name and age=:age”;
  Query query = session.createQuery(hql);
  UserQuery uq = new UserQuery();
  uq.setName(“Erica”);
  uq.setAge(new Integer(20));
  query.setProperties(uq); //会调用里面的getter?
  query.iterate();
  6.联合查询
  也可以使用 inner join,left outer join, right out join, full join
  排列组合:form TUser, TAddress

转自:http://www.51test.net/show/469304.html